Pre-ETS Glossary
This is the primary glossary for the site. It contains more than 1100 terms related to learning, secondary education, post-secondary education, employment, disability, and various aspects of pre-employment transition.
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
G |
---|
Game Based LearningLearning and teaching situations in which students gain and apply knowledge through game play. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Game TheoryMethod for analyzing situations of strategic interaction between competing agents or parties, where an agent's payoff from competition is affected not only by its own actions but also by the actions of its competitors. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GardeningThe laying out and care of a plot of ground devoted partially or wholly to the growing of plants such as flowers, herbs, or vegetables. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gateway SystemsIntermediary computer systems that simplify access to and use of other computer systems, networks, and bulletin boards, sometimes including unified access and switching across multiple databank hosts. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gender BiasPrejudicial attitudes toward people because of their sex, including the conscious or unconscious expression of these attitudes in writing, speaking, etc. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gender DiscriminationRestriction or denial of rights, privileges, and choice because of one's sex. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gender IssuesPoints of discussion or controversy pertaining to aspects of the male or female sex, especially in relation to societal or cultural conceptions of masculine and feminine roles or traits. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GenealogyHistory or account of lineal descent from an ancestor or ancestors. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
General EducationIntegrated learning experiences structured across subject disciplines to provide the set of skills and knowledge needed to function in society. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Generalizability TheoryStatistical model for interpreting variance components associated with a specified universe of conditions. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GeneralizationProcess of drawing inferences or forming general conclusions from a number of specific instances -- also, the tendency to make the same response to new but similar stimuli. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Generational DifferencesUse for documents which contrast generations defined as groups held together by their shared experiences, ideas, problems, or attitudes (e.g. Beat Generation, Lost Generation). Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Generative GrammarA grammar, or system of rules, designed to generate (i.e., produce or predict) all of and only the well-formed (i.e., "grammatical") sentences of a language. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Genetic DisordersDisorders or diseases, which may or may not be inherited, caused wholly or in part by a defect in an individual's genes. These defects may be caused by mutation or alteration of a gene, which occurs randomly or because of an environmental trigger; by a variation or different form of a gene; or by an abnormal chromosome number or structure. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GeneticsBiological science which deals with the phenomena of heredity and the variation between parents and offspring. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Geographic ConceptsAbstract ideas related to geography that are usually emphasized in instruction (i.e., mobility, population distribution, demographic variation, spatial distribution, microclimate, energy flow, etc.). Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Geographic Information SystemsComputer-based systems used for the acquisition, storage, retrieval, manipulation, analysis, and display of geographic data. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Geographic IsolationA condition characterized by remoteness, relative inaccessibility, and sparsity or small size of population. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GeriatricsBranch of medicine dealing with the physiology and pathology of old age. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GerontologyScientific study of aging and problems of the aged. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GhettosResidential areas, usually within cities, in which members of a particular racial or cultural group live, primarily because of social, economic, or legal factors. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gifted DisabledPersons of superior ability or potential who also have physical, sensory, emotional, or behavioral disabilities. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gifted DisadvantagedPersons of superior ability or potential who are also economically, educationally, or socially disadvantaged. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gifted EducationEducational programs and services for gifted individuals. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Global ApproachApproach to social, cultural, scientific, and humanistic questions involving an orientation to the world as a single interacting system. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Global EducationLearning/teaching activities across all grade levels that focus on the inter-relatedness of peoples, cultures, and nations -- subfields include world geography, world history, and international relations. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GlossariesDictionaries of special or technical terms with limited subject scope. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Goal OrientationPsychological disposition toward achieving one's objectives. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Goodness of FitStatistical estimate of the extent to which a score distribution, or other numerical series of observations, differs significantly from the numerical values predicted by a mathematical model (i.e., an estimation of how well the theory fits the data). Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GovernanceThe policy-making, objective-setting, and exercise of authority in an organization, institution, or agency -- includes administrative or management functions to the extent that they relate to the execution of policy and authority. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Governing BoardsGroup charged with the responsibility for some degree of control over managing the affairs of public or private institutions. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Government LibrariesSpecial libraries maintained out of government funds. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Government PublicationsPublications that are funded, prepared, and/or distributed by national, state, or local government units. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Government School RelationshipAny interaction of an educational institution or school district with a local, provincial, or central government. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grade Equivalent ScoresAbility or achievement scores that have been converted to the grade level norm -- usually expressed in years and tenths, e.g., 6.4 means sixth grade, fourth month. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grade InflationA continuous rise in the proportion of higher scholastic grades awarded, often associated with a perceived laxity in academic standards. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grade Point AverageA measure of scholastic achievement in several subjects or courses obtained by dividing the sum of the total grade points by the total number of hours of course work. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grade PredictionEstimation of future achievement, expressed in scholastic grades or marks, on the basis of past and current information. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grade RepetitionRepeating a grade level in school because of deficient achievement. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GradingProcess of rating an individual's or group's performance, achievement, or less frequently, behavior, using specifically established scales of values. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Graduate School FacultyAcademic staff members engaged in instruction, research, administration, or related educational activities in a graduate school of a college or university. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Graduate SurveysFollow-up studies of students who have graduated. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GraduatesIndividuals who have satisfactorily completed the requirements of an educational program and have been awarded a certificate, diploma, or degree. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GraduationThe process of receiving a diploma or degree for completing a phase of formal education. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Graduation RateRatio of the number of students who complete a particular course of study, earning a certificate, diploma, or degree, to the number of students initially enrolled in it. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Graduation RequirementsEducational and other specifications or minimum competencies of a program, school, college, or university that a student must satisfactorily complete to graduate (often stated in terms of semester hours, credits, residence requirements, or minimum grades). Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grammar Translation MethodTraditional foreign language teaching method that emphasizes grammatical rules and their application to translation -- emphasis is on reading and writing rather than oral communication. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grandparents Raising GrandchildrenGrandparents who have primary parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GrantsFunds given by a foundation, government, institution, or other organization, usually for a specific purpose. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GrantsmanshipSkills and procedures for applying for external funding. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Graphing CalculatorsCalculators capable of producing animated graphing sequences based on mathematical formulas. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Greek CivilizationStudies of modern or ancient Greece. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GriefEmotional state of intense sadness associated with external loss or deprivation. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grounded TheoryA research method in which emergent theory is grounded in and developed inductively from systematically collected data. Also known as the constant comparative method, it is generally associated with qualitative social science research. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group BehaviorBehavior of a group as a whole, as well as the behavior of an individual as influenced by his or her membership in a group. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group CounselingUsing the dynamics of a group in a counselor-structured situation to increase counselees' self-understanding and adjustment. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group DiscussionDiscussion in groups. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group DynamicsFormation and functioning of human groups -- includes both the interaction within and among groups. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group ExperienceExperience of a group as a whole, as well as the experience of an individual resulting from his or her membership in a group. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group GuidanceGuidance carried on in groups to assist members to develop realistic and satisfying goals, plans, and activities. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group HomesNonconfining residential facilities providing professional supervision in a group living arrangement for either adults or juveniles, usually those who are unable to function independently -- intended to reproduce as closely as possible the circumstances of family life, and at minimum providing access to community activities and resources. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group TestingProcess of administering tests to groups. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Group UnityCohesiveness of groups of people, families, tribes and nations. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Grouping (Instructional Purposes)Organization or classification of students according to specified criteria for instructional purposes. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Growth ModelsModels of student gains in academic achievement over time used to determine whether expected achievement goals are being met. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Guessing (Tests)Responding to test items without certainty of the correct answers. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GuidanceProcess of assisting individuals and groups to develop realistic and satisfying goals, plans, and activities. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Guidance ObjectivesAims or ends toward which the guidance process is directed. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Guidance ProgramsOngoing activities designed to assist individuals and groups develop realistic and satisfying goals, plans, and activities. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
Gun ControlThe regulation of the manufacture, transport, sale, ownership, and use of firearms. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||
GynecologyBranch of medicine dealing with the diseases, hygiene, and reproduction function of females. Definition provided by ERIC: Institution of Education Sciences | ||